doug wrote:Read those and "debunk" away.
At the risk of starting one of these up again, fine.
http://www.strike-the-root.com/3/halbro ... ooks2.html first.
“A human can override any nerve in the body.”
No. The proper statement is, "Given time, knowledge, and rational thought, a human can override any nerve in the body."
Examples:
1. You sit down on a needle. You jump as the pain surprised you. Involuntary reflex. You know the needle is there, you sit down, and you supress the impulse to jump. You had no time to acclimate yourself to the situation at hand (a needle in your ass), so your natural instincts (pain = bad) kicked in to compensate. Both knowledge of the situation, and time to acclimate youself to it are necessary to supress the nerves. This is due solely to how fast nerves trigger, espcially compared to how fast we can "think through" a situation.
2. A child pricks his finger, and jerks away. Pricks again, jerks away again. Pricks again, you get the picture. The child has no reason to not jerk away, no thought process behind "don't jerk away," so he doesn't override the impulse. It follows, therefore, that any person without a rational mind will be unable to control themselves in this way.
3. Man cannot override any nerve in his body. The heart pumping, feeling pain, hot, cold, etc are all the result of nerves. Man can override impulses, given the above conditions, yes.
The point is: Only people of a certain level of development, both physically and mentally, are able to override impulses, and only then if they bend their will towards doing so. We are not as free of the shackles of flesh as the author is implying.
Certainly the basis of an animal’s movements are complex. The important point, though, is that an animal only moves according to instinct. There is no rational faculty at work, for example, when a cat walks across the room and claws at the sofa. The ends of an animal are intrinsically bound in its nature.
The gorilla "Koko" has learned some American Sign language. In clinical studies, chimpanzees presented with a banana dangled out of reach from the ceiling will stack boxes to reach it, without any "prompting" from the observing human.
On the other side, language is tied up in the brain more than most people believe. It appears that we have an innate capacity for language. It follows that what makes us speak is "intrinsically bound in our nature," and according to some philosophers, without language, (perhaps even specific languages) we would not be human as we know it. We are so bound up in language that it is impossible to define "man" without bringing language into play. Since language is, in some way at least, a biological function, it again follows that we are not so free from our impulses as the author thinks.
The author has done nothing to show that animals don't have some kind of internalized motive for what they do.
Also: The human brain is complex. Incredibly complex, we still have little idea of how it all works. That doesn't mean that it's not a physical system (and here's the kicker) bound by completely predictible physical laws. Yes, the criteria we take in is immense, yes, the brain stores information and uses it to respond to new situations, but that doesn't change the fact that it's a cause-and-effect system. Plato showed long ago that no cause or effect system, no matter how complex, can create the free will that the author suggests we have.
In short, the author is just assuming that we have free will and other animals do not. He does nothing to back this up, and in fact just ignores some aspects of animal behavior (dogs risking their lives to defend their owners, or animals dying to save their young) to make his point.
One may argue that the action of a human in an illusion as well. After all, aren’t we just as much governed by the electrical impulses of the body as the animal is? Aren’t our ends intrinsically bound in our nature as well? As Herbert showed above though, the answer is no. The test of a human is whether one is capable of moving in a way that is counter to the impulses of one’s body. In other words, only a human can consciously manipulate the body and other objects to achieve desired ends. And even if humans are influenced by feral impulses, that does not change the fact that in the end, a human must decide whether to act upon these impulses or not. The desire to procreate may be well embedded in people, but nevertheless, having sex remains a conscious choice.
The brain is also part of the body, and it still requires those electrical impulses to stifle a response just the same as it takes to preform it.
The author has done nothing to show that we do have any kind of choice in the matter. He's just taken it as a given, and chosen to ignore the stories of animals rushing into danger to save their young, or their owners, etc. Nor has he done anything that proves that we have graduated beyond "animal," just thrown out some straw men and knocked them down. Hardly a compelling argument.
True Story: My Dad was out mowing the back yard one day, and noticed the dog acting funny. He shut off the mower, concerned that the dog was ill, or had caught some little animal, and went to see what was going on.
Turns out the dog was walking up to dandelions and blowing on them to scatter the seeds. For no reason beyond "it's neat."
Hardly a case of "feral instincts."
If he must use his body in order to satisfy the proposed ethic that he cannot use any objects, then the ethic must be incorrect.
A minor point here: if Jack could, in fact, control any nerve in his body, then he would be able to cease all bodily functions, and you yourself stated, way back in that Christina Aguerlia thread, that not acting is ethically sterile. For Jack to just not act would be ethically fine. He's not acting, he's not "doing" anything, so yay for Jack.
The Highwayman Bit (rather long, not bothering to quote)
The government DOES provide you with services in return for your money. No, you don't really have a choice in the matter, but that doesn't change the fact they do provide you with services, the compensation they take, in form of taxes, does have some legitimate grounds.
Also, there are clearly ways around this. A parent and a child, for example. The parent has the right to raise the child, as the child is not a rational, thinking creature (this is simply due to an underdeveloped brain). When do we decide that we are free from the parent? I've seen any number of 6 and 7 years old clearly incapable of rational thought demand their parents to leave them alone; simply asking for freedom does not display the ability to handle it, so what does?
The central flaw in the author's argument is his lack of discourse as to what we, in fact, are. From a strictly objective view, our bodies and our actions are the result of (completely predictable) chemical and electrical reactions in our brains. It follows that we cannot "take action" (by the author's defintion of action), and therefore have no rights, therefore it's completely ethical for anything to use us as a resource, just as it's ethical for us to use animals as we would the trees or the air.
In short, he makes a mighty huge assumption and runs with it, without bothering to consider the ramifications.
I would reply to the other post, but I'm afraid work beckons.
/edit: Oh, wait, I've seen the other post, and it holds pretty much the same tenets as the first one, and thus the same flaws.